Agriculture

The dataset contains the ground-based observations of crop growth stages for Canada's prairie provinces (Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta) from 2019 to 2020. Crop growth stages were visually observed from the side of the fields on a weekly cycle until the fields were harvested. The BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und CHemische Industrie) scale was used to stage growth.

In this research, a newly modified UNet (Fast-UNet) was implemented to segment winter wheat from time series Sentinel-2 images for the years 2021 and 2023. These images were converted to NDVI and utilized to identify wheat fields by tracking the wheat phenology from sowing to harvesting. The main satellite image that was used in this research was Sentinel-2.  It is considered important, and free optical remote sensing satellite data is provided by the European Space Agency (ESA). Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B were launched in June 2015 and March 2017, respectively.

The study focused on two regions in Rupnagar district, India, with an area of 216 km² as shown in Fig. 1a, using satellite data from June to November 2023. The upper region predominantly features paddy and maize, while the lower region includes paddy and sugarcane. Satellite images were obtained from PlanetScope’s 130-satellite constellation, with a spatial resolution of 3 meter. A total of 32 images, captured between late May and mid-November 2023, were used, all with less than 15% cloud cover.

To solve the problem of accurate recognition and picking of tea by tea picking robot, this study proposes a S-YOLOv10-SIC algorithm that integrates slice-assisted hyper-inference algorithm. This algorithm enhances the YOLOv10 network by introducing Space-to-Depth Convolution, asymptotic feature pyramid network, and Inner-IoU. These improvements reduce the loss of detailed information in long-distance and low-resolution images, improve key layer saliency, optimize non-adjacent layer fusion, enhance model convergence speed, and increase model universality.