Light, Lighting and Illumination

Directional couplers are a fundamental building

block in integrated photonics, particularly in quantum appli-

cations and optimization-based design where precision is critical.

Accurate functionality is crucial to ensure reliable operation

within classical and quantum circuits. However, discrepancies

between simulations and measurements are frequently observed.

These inaccuracies can compromise the performance and scal-

ability of integrated photonic systems, underscoring the critical

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—As part of Internet of thing networks, visible light communication (VLC) technology has excelled in recent years. When compared to traditional radio frequency (RF) technology, VLC offers the advantages of abundant and unlicensed spectrum bands, no RF-induced interference, inherent security, safety and energy efficiency, making it an excellent choice for short-range communication applications. However, the performance of VLC is severely limited under the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) links.

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