Since meteorological satellites can observe the Earth’s atmosphere from a spatial perspective at a large scale, in this paper, a dust storm database is constructed using multi-channel and dust label data from the Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) geosynchronous orbiting satellite, namely, the Large-Scale Dust Storm database based on Satellite Images and Meteorological Reanalysis data (LSDSSIMR), with a temporal resolution of 15 minutes and a spatial resolution of 4 km from March to May of each year during 2020–2022.