Power and Energy

This letter proposes a virtual slack bus Newton-Raphson power flow (VSB-NRPF) algorithm serving for the PF analysis of droop-controlled medium-voltage direct current (MVDC) systems operating in islanded mode without a slack bus. In the proposed algorithm, one of the original power, current, power/voltage and current/voltage buses is assumed to be a virtual slack bus with an initial rated dc voltage, the value of which is corrected based on the actual PF balance equation at the original bus.

Nowadays, decentralized organization has become the emerging characteristic for AC-DC hybrid distribution systems (DS) facilitated by modern power electronic and information & communication techniques. This urges the DS to drop the centralized power supplying mode. In substitution, the DS is divided and operated as several self-adequacy subnetworks. In this paper, a two-stage Wasserstein distributionally robust optimization (WDRO) framework is proposed to provide a dynamic regionalization strategy for unbalanced AC-DC hybrid DSs.

The Illinois 200-Bus Cyber-Physical System (CPS) serves as an important case for studying risk analysis through the integration of physical and cyber components. This system designed to reflect real-world architectures. Access Complexity scores are assigned to its network edges based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) Access Complexity (AC), allowing for the simulation of adversarial pathways within the system.

The efficient operation of interconnected power systems relies on Load Frequency Control (LFC) to maintain stable frequency and regulate tie-line power flow between distinct areas. In modern setups, LFC parameters are monitored and processed in real-time through cloud-based platforms, enabling centralized control and optimization. However, this introduces vulnerabilities, as demonstrated by the susceptibility to attacks such as scaling, ramp, and random manipulations of data transmitted between areas and the cloud server.