Illinois 200-Bus Cyber-Physical System under Node2vec Risk Analysis

The CPS graph integrates both the physical system and the cyber networks respecting their specific components, making them heterogenous networks instead of assuming the same or oversimplified topological properties. By bridging the gap between different metrics evaluating physical and cyber components. The cyber topologies are designed based on the architectures in large-scale electric power systems. The substation level typically includes equipment such as Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI), Relays (R), and Ethernet Switches (SW). The HMI is used for monitoring and controlling the substation equipment. The relays are responsible for protecting and automating the load and bus elements of the substation. All the data is transmitted through substation firewalls to the Utility Control Center (UCC) and Independent System Operator (ISO) level. The UCC level includes additional firewalls, indicating that security measures are in place to protect network communications between the substation and utility level. The UCC has its own generation control and distribution management for operational control and data acquisition. The ISO level gets the SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system, which is critical for centralized control and utility monitoring. Firewalls at the ISO level are recommended to separate the utility network from the ISO network, ensuring that communications between the two are controlled and secured.