Cars are one of the biggest polluters of greenhouse gases and to reduce their impact on the environment, there needs to be a nation-wide shift towards the use of public transportation - specifically the use of buses. Designing new bus routes can help buses arrive more frequently on time, especially during rush hour, which is an incentive for people to use buses. The Urban Transit Routing Problem (UTRP) is an NP-hard optimization problem, solved with heuristic algorithms that output approximate solutions, that focuses on constructing bus routes from an existing road network.
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