The atmospheric radio propagation data set includes atmospheric environment data and radio frequency propagation phase detection data. Atmospheric environment data is collected by temperature, humidity and pressure sensors with a sampling rate of 1. The test time lasts for 10,000 seconds. RF propagation phase jitter was measured by the phase comparison method using a digital multimeter (Keysight 34411A) with a sampling rate of 1. The measurement time is 40,000 seconds.