A Control Architecture for Entanglement Generation Switches in Quantum Networks

Entanglement between quantum network nodes is often produced using intermediary devices
- such as heralding stations - as a resource. When scaling quantum networks to many nodes, requiring
a dedicated intermediary device for every pair of nodes introduces high costs. Here, we propose a cost-
effective architecture to connect many quantum network nodes via a central quantum network hub called
an Entanglement Generation Switch (EGS). The EGS allows multiple quantum nodes to be connected at a
fixed resource cost, by sharing the resources needed to make entanglement. We propose an algorithm called
the Rate Control Protocol (RCP) which moderates the level of competition for access to the hub’s resources
between sets of users. We proceed to prove a convergence theorem for rates yielded by the algorithm. To
derive the algorithm we work in the framework of Network Utility Maximization (NUM) and make use of
the theory of Lagrange multipliers and Lagrangian duality. Our EGS architecture lays the groundwork for
developing control architectures compatible with other types of quantum network hubs as well as system
models of greater complexity.