The study included 50 epilepsy patients undergoing long-term video-EEG monitoring at the Epilepsy Center of Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital. The inclusion criteria for patients were as follows: (1) VEEG reports confirming definite epileptic seizures, (2) complete video data containing both seizure and non-seizure periods, (3) no intentional interference during patient seizures, and no occlusion of the patient, such as patients were covered by quilts.