This dataset collects production data of G12 and M10 monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells at various stages including metal silicon smelting, polycrystalline silicon purification, monocrystalline silicon growth, silicon wafer cutting, and monocrystalline silicon solar cell manufacturing, covering different implementation processes. It aims to conduct in-depth analysis of the production process and provide a basis for optimizing the process and improving the performance of the cells.