To improve the comprehensive monitoring and early warning capabilities for typhoons, heavy rain, sea fog, and other severe weather in the SCS region, the China Meteorological Administration has established a variety of observation stations, including automatic weather stations (AWS), buoy stations (BS), radiosondes, and weather radars in the SCS region. The surface bulk measurements from April 2019 to November 2021 used in Hainan were collected by 5 Buoys.
Yongxing Island is located south of the Tropic of Cancer and has a tropical monsoon climate. Due to being surrounded by the sea and having a small land area, it has the characteristics of a maritime climate. Located around 100m off the northeastern coast of Yongxing Island, the Yongxing air–sea flux tower (YXASFT) stands at the height of 20m and was specifically designed for observing air-sea boundary layer fluxes. A CR3000 data logger manufactured by Campbell Scientific Company, USA, is used for data sampling, preprocessing, storage, and transmission.