heating and electrical system

Power to hydrogen (P2H) facilitates the utilization of intermittent renewable energy, but it also leads to massive energy losses in the form of heat. Waste heat recovery (WHR) for district heating is a promising way to reuse the heat energy that would otherwise be disposed. However, the combination of heating networks and P2H with WHR for improving the operational efficiency of integrated heating and electrical systems (IHESs) has rarely been considered in the existing literature.