isolators

This paper presents an overview of Unidirectional

Loop Metamaterial (ULM) structures and applications. Mimicking

electron spin precession in ferrites using loops with unidirectional

loads (typically transistors), the ULM exhibits all the

fundamental properties of ferrite materials, and represents the

only existing magnetless ferrimagnetic medium. We present here

an extended explanation of ULM physics and unified description

of its component and system applications.