whole-sky image

Using the PVIFS-02 whole-sky imagers, we collected 500,000 independent cloud images from 2021 to 2023, captured in a southern city and a northern city in China. The cloud images collected in southern China are clear, with obvious cloud edges. In contrast, the cloud images from northern China appear relatively blurred. This difference is attributed to the geographical characteristics of northern China, where regions are frequently affected by sand and dust, leading to a certain degree of image blurring. It brings challenges to cloud detection and classification.