Unbalanced Multi-Grounded Systems

The power flow is usually formulated by nonlinear equations and may present multiple solutions. However, most of these solutions do not represent a practical situation but are mathematical findings. Remarkably, in unbalanced multiphase systems with impedance-grounded loads, a phenomenon can occur where two or more solutions may especially show practical significance. These solutions are called operationally-stable solutions (solutions which for a given loading level the nodal voltages, currents, and losses are feasible) and may be obtained in Distribution Systems (DS).