This dataset contains 609,934 real Modbus TCP packets collected from industrial control system (ICS) environments, capturing the full byte-level structure of Modbus communication, including MBAP headers and function-specific payloads. Designed to support research in industrial cybersecurity, this dataset addresses the scarcity of diverse and realistic Modbus traffic, which often hampers the development of intrusion detection systems (IDS) and protocol-compliant synthetic data generators.