Alarm systems; alarm deadbands; false alarms.

Deadbands are embedded functions of transducers frequently exploited to remove false alarms. In existing literature, there are two major methods to design alarm deadbands, either based on the estimated probability density function (PDF) of process variables or the estimated PDF of maximum amplitude deviations (MADs). The former method only applies to independently and identically distributed (IID) process variables, while the latter method does not have this restriction. A natural question is: which method should be used for IID process variables?