CRAWDAD umass/diesel (v. 2007-12-02)

The bus-based DTN (Disruption-tolerant networks) traces from UMass Amherst campus.

Note: This dataset has multiple versions.  The dataset file names of the data associated with this version are listed below, under the 'Traceset' heading and can be downloaded under 'Dataset Files' on the right-hand side of the page.

This dataset includes the real mobility and real transfers of the bus-based DTN (Disruption-tolerant-network) testbed, called UMassDieselNet, operating from the UMass Amherst campus and the surrounding county.

last modified :

2007-12-05

release date :

2007-12-02

date/time of measurement start :

2005-01-25

date/time of measurement end :

2007-05-14

collection environment :

We have constructed a DTN testbed composed of 30-40 buses 
operated by the UMass Amherst branch of the Pioneer Valley Transport Authority 
(PVTA) that we have fitted with a custom package of off-the-shelf hardware. 
This testbed is called UMassDieselNet. The transit buses service an area 
sparsely covering approximately 150 square miles.  

The route each bus is placed on each day is chosen by the garage dispatcher and 
can change during the day.  Buses can leave the network at any time.
We did not try to automatically determine the routes of buses, though this is 
possible with some significant effort. We decided against this approach 
after finding GPS data often inconsistent or containing gaps where line-of-sight 
to satellites was lost.

network configuration :

The testbed began operating in May 2004 with five buses.
Each bus carries a HaCom Open Brick computer (P6-compatible 577Mhz CPU, 256MB RAM). 
An 802.11b Access Point (AP) is attached to each brick to provide DHCP access
to passengers and passersby. A second USB-based 802.11b interface constantly scans 
the surrounding area for DHCP offers and other buses. Each bus also has a GPS device
attached to the brick. Each brick runs Linux on a 40GB notebook hard drive.

data collection methodology :

See the metadata of each traceset or trace for details of collection methodology.

Traceset

umass/diesel/throwbox

Bus-to-bus, bus-to-throwbox transfer record collected from DieselNet during 2006 summer.

• files: DieselNetThrowbox.tar.gz
• description: This traceset was collected during the throwbox deployment in Umass DieselNet in Summer 2006. The traces contain bus-bus transfer records and bus-throwbox transfer records.
• measurement purpose: Routing Protocol for DTNs (Disruption Tolerant Networks), User Mobility Characterization
• methodology: One solution for improving DTN performance is to place additional stationary nodes in the network, which increases the number and frequency of contact opportunities. We proposed the use of throwboxes within a DTN for this purpose. Throwboxes are inexpensive, battery-powered, stationary nodes with radios and storage. When two nodes pass by the same location at different times, the throwbox acts as a router, creating a new contact opportunity. To support a real-world test of the throwbox, we used our DTN testbed, the UMassDieselNet. The testbed normally consists of 40 buses covering an area of more than 150 square miles. However, when the experiments were performed, during a reduced summer bus schedule, only 10 buses were running on three routes. Each bus is a highly mobile DTN node using a small computer with an attached access point and WiFi interface. Buses constantly scan for other nodes and transfer DTN data whenever a connection can be made. We augmented the equipment on the buses with an XTend radio and added scripts to beacon the position, speed, and direction of motion of the buses once each second. We deployed three always-on throwbox prototypes in fixed locations for three weeks on the UMassDieselNet bus routes.
• last modified: 2007-12-05
• dataname: umass/diesel/throwbox
• version: 20071202
• change: the initial version
• release date: 2007-12-02
• date/time of measurement start: 2005-01-25
• date/time of measurement end: 2007-05-14

umass/diesel/throwbox Traces

• summer2006: Bus-to-bus, bus-to-throwbox transfer record collected from DieselNet during 2006 summer.

• configuration: The traces contains connection event between buses (in DieselNet) and buses and throwboxes placed in the network.
• format: The name of the bus nodes follow the pattern "PVTA_(bus number)". The three throwboxes placed in the network have names "PVTA_TB0", "PVTA_TB1", "PVTA_TB2". The connectivity traces have data about the duration of contact, time at which the contact took place, the amount of data transfered, the position (longitude and latitude) at which the connections happened and the speed and direction of the bus motion when the connection event took place. The filenames indicate the date on which the connection trace was collected. For example, 6-23-2006 would mean June 23, 2006.
• description: The traces contains connection event between buses (in DieselNet) and buses and throwboxes placed in the network.
• last modified: 2007-12-05
• dataname: umass/diesel/throwbox/summer2006
• version: 20071202
• change: the initial version
• release date: 2007-12-02
• date/time of measurement start: 2006-06-23
• date/time of measurement end: 2006-07-21
• url: /download/umass/diesel/DieselNetThrowbox.tar.gz

umass/diesel/transfer

Data transfer logs between buses on UmassDieselNet, a disruption-tolerant network (DTN).

• files: APConnectivitySpring2007.tar.gz, DieselNetTracesSpring2006.tar.gz, DieselNetTracesSpring2007.tar.gz, UMassDieselNet_Spring2005.tar.gz
• description: This set of DieselNet logs were compiled from busses running routes serviced by UmassTransit, which lists their bus routes on the web at http://www.umass.edu/campus_services/transit/. Of UmassTransit's busses, 30-40 busses were equipped with DieselNet equipment and a certain portion of those operated daily as dictated by bus failures and maintenance.
• measurement purpose: Routing Protocol for DTNs (Disruption Tolerant Networks), User Mobility Characterization
• methodology: To maintain and monitor our network, we use numerous external APs that offer free service along the bus routes hosted by third parties. We have installed only two APs - one on campus and one at the bus garage. Whenever the buses have web access, they retrieve software updates from a central server. At that time a bus provides its current GPS location and MAC address, and it uploads logs of its performance during the day, including the throughput of bus-to-bus transfer opportunities, APs contacted, a record of movement, and application records. To enable bus-to-bus transfers, the buses beacon on a single channel once every 100ms. We programmed the bricks in each bus to transfer the largest amount of data possible using TCP at each transfer opportunity. To allow us to easily test different routing algorithms in a real DTN environment, we set the UMassDieselNet buses to transmit random data to one another whenever they are within range and record the time, transmission size, and buses involved.
• last modified: 2007-12-05
• dataname: umass/diesel/transfer
• version: 20071202
• change: The following traces have been added: transfer/spring2006, transfer/spring2007, and transfer/ap_connectivity
• release date: 2007-12-02
• date/time of measurement start: 2005-01-25
• date/time of measurement end: 2007-05-14
• hole: We excluded holidays and other occasions causing buses to run infrequently.

umass/diesel/transfer Traces

• ap_connectivity: Bus-to-ap transfer record collected from DieselNet during the spring semester of 2007.

• configuration: UmassTransit's 40 busses were equipped with DieselNet equipment and a certain portion of those operated daily as dictated by bus failures and maintenance.
• format: All connection events occurring during a day are stored in the log file matching that date (month/day/year). The buses are identified by their MAC address. Time stamps are recorded as absolute minutes and seconds after midnight. In the following entry, bus 00:09:5B:B3:51:6B met an access point at 16 minutes and 44 seconds after midnight for a duration of 36 seconds. Bus 00:09:5B:B3:51:6B with AP at time 00:16:44 for 36.0 seconds
• description: Bus-to-ap transfer record collected from DieselNet during the spring semester of 2007.
• last modified: 2007-12-05
• dataname: umass/diesel/transfer/ap_connectivity
• version: 20071202
• change: the initial version
• release date: 2007-12-02
• date/time of measurement start: 2007-03-26
• date/time of measurement end: 2007-03-30
• url: /download/umass/diesel/APConnectivitySpring2007.tar.gz

• spring2006: Bus-to-bus transfer record collected from DieselNet during the spring semester of 2006.

• configuration: This trace includes two directories: * Bus-Bus subdirectory contains bus-to-bus transfer records * DispatchRecord subdirectory contains bus dispatching records.
• format: 1. Bus-to-bus transfer records are saved in files named as MDDYYYY, for example, file 2082006 contains transfer records for Feb 08, 2006. Within each file, each line describe a bus-to-bus transfer. For example, the following sample lines: Bus 3112 at 72.532745 42.393852 on route 1 in contact with bus 3114 at 72.532745 42.393852 on route 1 at time 418:27 for 45204688 bytes in 184792.0 ms means that the bus 3112 was in contact with bus 3114 while it's at location (72.532745 N,42.393852 W). The contact started at 418mins and 27 seconds after the 00:00:00 (i.e., 6:58:27 A.M.) of Feb 28, 2006, and lasts for 194792.0 milliseconds. Note that the "on route 1" information should be ignored. 2. Dispathcing records include two files: DA_all.txt and DB_sheet.txt. * The DA_all.txt contains the dispatching records (inputed by hand from the DA sheets, with drivers name ignored). For example, the following sample lines in the file: ---------------------------------------------------- DATE 4/3/2006 ## AM SHIFTS TIME_AT_GARAGE SHIFT BUS DRIVER In_SERVICE IN_SERVICE_LOC DRVR_CHNG 6:10 AM21 34 NA 6:55 MHC 10:30 6:10 AM42 32 NA 6:30 GRC 8:32 6:25 AM22 38 NA 6:45 HAGISMALL 11:00 6:30 AM43 42 NA 6:50 STKRD 9:05M 9:23T 6:40 AM45 12 NA 7:00 GRC 8:49 6:40 AM31 16 NA 7:10 HAMPCOLL 10:45B/11:05G 6:42 AM11 33 NA 7:12 OLDBTOWN 10:51 6:45 AMA 21 NA 7:05 STADIUM 10:35 6:50 AM23 35 NA 7:10 HAGISMALL 10:00 6:52 AM1 36 NA 7:19 CLIFFSIDE 10:52 ..... Here, DATE line indicates the following records are for the date specified. Each line follows give "TIME_AT_GARAGE SHIFT BUS DRIVER In_SERVICE IN_SERVICE_LOC DRVR_CHNG" for each shift. For example, the line: 6:10 AM21 34 NA 6:55 MHC 10:30 means that bus 34 serve shift AM21 on that day, it starts at garage at 6:10 A.M., and starts to enter service at 6:55 A.M. at bus stop MHC. The bus will be changed to another driver (also to another shift) at 10:30 A.M. ** DB_sheet.txt contains essentially similar information, dumped from a database system. Each line in the file specifies the mapping from bus to shift. For example, 03/01/2006,30,15MID,3033 means that on March 1 2006, bus 3033 was dispatched to run on shift MID15, route 30.
• description: Bus-to-bus transfer record collected from DieselNet during the spring semester of 2006.
• last modified: 2007-12-05
• dataname: umass/diesel/transfer/spring2006
• version: 20071202
• change: the initial version
• release date: 2007-12-02
• date/time of measurement start: 2006-01-30
• date/time of measurement end: 2006-06-22
• url: /download/umass/diesel/DieselNetTracesSpring2006.tar.gz

• spring2007: Bus-to-bus transfer record collected from DieselNet during the spring semester of 2007.

• configuration: This set of DieselNet traces where compiled during Spring 2007 from busses running routes serviced by UmassTransit. UmassTransit's 40 busses were equipped with DieselNet equipment and a certain portion of those operated daily as dictated by bus failures and maintenance.
• format: All connection events occurring during a day are stored in the log file matching that date (month/day/year). The buses are identified by their MAC address. Time stamps are recorded as absolute minutes and seconds after midnight. In the following entry, bus 00:09:5B:B3:E3:4E sent bus 00:09:5B:B5:6E:6E at 06:57:18 transferring 94240422 bytes. The latitude and longitude of meeting is 72.53267 and 42.39381 respectively. The last column is true if the satellite reading is current and false otherwise. 00:09:5B:B3:E3:4E 00:09:5B:B5:6E:6E 06:57:18 94240422 72.53267 42.39381 true
• description: This set of DieselNet traces where compiled during Spring 2007 from busses running routes serviced by UmassTransit, which lists their bus routes on the web at http://www.umass.edu/campus_services/transit/. UmassTransit's 40 busses were equipped with DieselNet equipment and a certain portion of those operated daily as dictated by bus failures and maintenance.
• last modified: 2007-12-05
• dataname: umass/diesel/transfer/spring2007
• version: 20071202
• change: the initial version
• release date: 2007-12-02
• date/time of measurement start: 2007-02-06
• date/time of measurement end: 2007-05-14
• url: /download/umass/diesel/DieselNetTracesSpring2007.tar.gz

• infocom2006: Data transfer logs between buses on UmassDieselNet, a disruption-tolerant network (DTN) for Infocom 2006 paper.

• configuration: Our testbed is subject to the real schedule of the UMass campus - many fewer buses run on weekends and holidays. To realize some uniformity, we used 60 traces from weekdays between January 25, 2005 to May 6, 2005; we excluded holidays and other occasions causing buses to run infrequently. On average, about 28 buses are active each day, and each days lasts from about 7AM to 7PM. In all, the traces consist of over 720 hours of recorded data for each of the 30 buses (about 20,000 bus-hours total). Busses are assigned a route semi-arbitrarily each day. Some routes require short busses, some routes require long busses, and some vary by their passenger capacity needs: - Routes 30, 31, and 38 must use long busses - Routes 34, 35, 37, and 39 must use shot busses - Routes 32, 33, 36, 45, and 46 may use either Bus numbers beginning 30xx are long busses, bus numbers beginning 31xx are short busses. Though not present in these logs, prefix numbers other than 31xx and 30xx indicate a test unit or other non-bus based unit (which often show up on the Umass DieselNet web site).
• format: All connection events occurring during a day are stored in the log file matching that date (month/day/year). Log events are entered by the bus receiving the data, which is the first bus listed on each line. Though events would ideally be symmetrical, they, in reality, are not. Whichever sending connection begins first will reach maximum speed and slow the "ramping up" of the TCP connection going in the other direction (over time they will equalize). Additionally, a connection in one event may succeed while a connection in the opposite direction may not be established due to network configuration hiccups (the linux network stack and wifi drivers were not targeted toward an environment where interfaces are rapidly reconfigured). Time stamps are recorded as absolute minutes and seconds after midnight. In the following entry, bus 3123 receives 277512 bytes from bus 3102 at 6:55:11 AM. Routes and GPS coordinates should be ignored because GPS information was not accurate when these logs were being generated. "Bus 3123 at 72.53236 42.3933 on route 1 in contact with bus 3102 at 72.53236 42.3933 on route 1 at time 415:11 for 277512 bytes"
• description: This set of DieselNet logs were compiled during the Spring semester of 2005 from busses running routes serviced by UmassTransit, which lists their bus routes on the web at http://www.umass.edu/campus_services/transit/. Of UmassTransit's 40 busses, approximately 30 busses were equipped with DieselNet equipment and a certain portion of those operated daily as dictated by bus failures and maintenance.
• last modified: 2007-12-05
• dataname: umass/diesel/transfer/infocom2006
• version: 20060117
• change: the initial version
• release date: 2006-01-17
• date/time of measurement start: 2005-01-25
• date/time of measurement end: 2005-05-22
• url: /download/umass/diesel/UMassDieselNet_Spring2005.tar.gz