plant-derived scaffolds; decellularization; tissue engineering; vascular grafts

Vasculargraft failure rates remain unacceptably high due to thrombosis and poor integration, necessitating innovative solutions. This study optimized plant-derived extracellular matrix scaffolds as a scalable and biocompatible alternative to synthetic grafts and autologous vessels. We refined decellularization protocols to achieve >95% DNA removal while preserving mechanical properties comparable to native vessels, significantly enhancing endothelial cell seeding.