infrared Small Target; object detection; complex background

Infrared dim-small target detection has gained increasing importance in both military and civilian applications due to its ability to detect thermal radiation, operate effectively at night, passively sense radiation, and offer strong concealment with high resistance to interference. These capabilities make it ideal for systems such as aircraft and bird surveillance, missile guidance, and maritime rescue operations. In these applications, the need for mid- to long-range observations often results in small targets that appear dim and are difficult to detect.