bacteria

This study presents a novel rapid bacterial detection method employing an organic complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (O-CMOS) inverter fabricated with pentacene and PTCDI-C13. Various bacteria, including Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC25922, and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) SH-1051210, were tested on the inverters operating at an ultra-low voltage of 2 V.