FluentFluid

To establish comprehensive training data for fluid optical flow estimation, we developed a simulated ship emission dataset called FluentFluid. This dataset was generated through computational fluid dynamics simulations using ANSYS Fluent software, with focus on ship exhaust plume modeling. The synthesis pipeline began with the construction of a physical model of ship stack exhaust systems, followed by fluid motion simulation under controlled parametric variations, including exit velocity, stack position, turbulence intensity, and ambient wind conditions. Spatial discretization was implemented on a 480×360 computational grid. Selected subsets were further integrated with precropped 480×360 UV sky background images to emulate realistic illumination changes induced by vessel motion. Notably, fluid dynamics are governed by Navier–Stokes equations, yielding 18,068 image pairs with corresponding optical flow ground truth. Dataset scaling is theoretically unlimited through parametric adjustments and can be extended as required. To enhance model generalizability while suppressing overfitting, we applied Gaussian noise injection, adaptive grayscale transformation, and histogram-based contrast enhancement during the data augmentation phase.