This dataset collects samples of different kinds of defective and normal chenille yarn images for the same batch of chenille yarn made of polyester material, aiming to facilitate the task of recognizing and classifying chenille yarn defects in computer vision and machine learning algorithms. This dataset consists of a total of 2500 images of 5 major chenille yarn defects and 2500 normal chenille yarn images, totaling 5000 images. It is captured by an industrial camera in the state of chenille yarn movement.