Fundus Photo Enhancement

We collected fundus photos from the Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (IRB approval number: 2022-10-026), that were obtained from 2000 to September 2022. The fundus photographs were taken by five skilled examiners using the KOWA Nonmyd 8S Fundus Camera (KOWA company, Japan). Among the 2,000 images, we chose 50 test images that were characterized as ``bad-quality'' due to one of the following reasons: media opacity, small pupil, or poor patient cooperation.