Hybrid AC/DC microgrids; power conversion losses; linear surrogate models; nerual networks; mixed-integer linear programming

Conversion loss modeling plays a crucial role in hybrid AC/DC microgrid (MG) energy management (EM). However, accurate calculation of the conversion losses is often very costly. Additionally, existing surrogate models typically rely on fixed-voltage DC buses, leading to excessive voltage magnitudes. To overcome these limitations, we propose surrogate models based on piecewise linear neural networks (NNs) that estimate conversion losses using converter power and variable-voltage DC buses.